ALS is known to affect males more than women, especially white males. ALS becomes increasingly more common in people ages 60 or older. This means that a white male that's older than 60 years has an extremely higher risk of getting ALS than a black women in her 40's (Mehta, P). As ALS is not a condition that is required to be reported by the U.S (Massachusetts is the only state that mandates reporting ALS), we will never know the extent of the disease in the U.S. The main goal of mandatory reporting or registering is to examine specific risk factors for ALS.
Environmental exposures that research has included as making a person of higher risk to developing ALS includes previous exposure to heavy metals (lead) and certain occupations (military service). Most of these risk factor studies use only small sample sizes and therefore have been conducted in limited geographic areas and are not clinically accurate. Other studies show that environmental toxic exposures may work against a background of increased genetic susceptibility to increase one's risk of ALS (LM, N). Evidence regarding a lot of these theories is inconsistent however, and there is still no specific cause or causes of ALS.
The incidence rate of ALS across ALL ages is estimated to be about 2 persons per 100,000 population (Mehta, P). The rate increases to five people per 100,000 population in those ages 70 or above, showing that the prevalence and risk of ALS does increase as one ages. An estimation of about 5,000 people are diagnosed with ALS every year in the U.S. Looking at ALS data across the four national databases, the prevalence rate for whites is two times more than blacks, with whites having a prevalence rate of 4.2 per 100,000 population and blacks only having a rate of 2.0 per 100,000 population. The disease has also found to be more common in non-Hispanics than Hispanics. According to the ALS Association, some physicians are reporting that they are seeing an increasing number of younger people with ALS than in previous years (Association, A).
There are currently many epidemiological studies being conducted in the U.S., but as physicians are NOT required to report cases of ALS, it is very difficult to investigate the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of ALS.
Life expectancy of people with ALS is 2-5 years from the time of diagnosis. More than half of all patients live more than 3 years after diagnosis (Association, A).
Search Terms: "Epidemiology of ALS," Epidemiology of ALS, NIH"
Sources:
Association, A. (2014). Epidemiology of ALS and
Suspected Clusters. Retrieved from ALS Association:
http://www.alsa.org/als-care/resources/publications-videos/factsheets/epidemiology.html
LM, N. (1995-1996). Epidemiology of ALS. Clinical
Neuroscience.
Mehta, P. (2014, June). Prevalence of Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis 2010-2011. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6307a1.htm
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